Articles
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Sentence ending -소
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N+마저/even, also, on top of
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V+아/어 달라고 부탁하다/Do a favor
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v+(으)ㄹ 지도 모르도/maybe, it maybe that
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Mustn't do/(으)면 안 되다
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ㄹ 까 하다/Thinking of doing
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려다가/one was going to do X but...
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게, adverb
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게 여겨지다; be considered as
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(으)로 보아도, in terms of, even when considering
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계다가, what's more, moreover
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어 지다; become something
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Because; 기 때문에
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The particle -만, Only
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The particle -도, also, even
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Pronunciation of 의
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Is it...?/가요/나요?
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And; 이랑/랑
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within; 내에
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Korean counter words
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There is no choice but to; -ㄹ 수밖에 없다
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Even if one must; verb+었으면verb+었지
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So that; -게끔
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As far as; -는 한
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And/but, while; -면서도
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Besides, on top of that; -ㄴ 데다가
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Change of place; -어다가
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Not only...but also; -ㄹ 뿐만 아니라...-도
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Depends on; -기 나름이다
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Now that; -ㄴ 걸 보면
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Only, constantly; -ㄹ 뿐이다
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After doing; -고 보니
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Expressing third person's feelings; -어 하다
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Like; 답다
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Finally do; 고 말다
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One pretends that; -는 척하다
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Do all that one can; -는 데까지
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whether...or; verb+거나, verb+거나
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It is extraordinary; -기짝이 없다
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The suffix -스럽다
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It is so...that; -어떻게나 +verb+ㄴ지
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Even though you try to do; -어봤자
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Far from doing; -기는 고사하고
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Far from doing; -기는 커녕
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To say nothing of; -를 막론하고
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In the process of doing; -노라면
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Except; -를 제외하고
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One has done; -어오다
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Conjecture ending -셈이다
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It seems to be; -모양이다
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I hope that; -기를 바라다
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There is the chance of; ㄹ 가망이 있다
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On the account of; -로 인해서
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After one finishes; -고 나니
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do or not; -ㄹ까 말까
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Because; -길래/기에
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If one tells someone to do; -라면
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While doing something, I realized that; -다가 보니
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It depends on; -에 달려 있다
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Just as; -는 대로
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You see; ㄴ 말이다
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I wish that; -었으면 하다
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One is going to do: -ㄹ 참이다
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Even if; -ㄹ망정
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Dare to do; -감히...하다
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Shouldn't do something; +아서는 안 되다
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Even though; -고 해서
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One intends to do...;-고자 하다
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I intend to do...and so; -ㄹ 테니
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As well as; -noun+도+action verb+ㄹ 겸
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Since/as long as; -ㄴ 김에
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If; -거든
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One wants that...; -기를 원하다
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One has to...otherwise; -어야지, 그렇지 않으면
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One expects to do something and so; -ㄹ 까 해서
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Seldom; 좀처럼+negative
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Because; -는 통에
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Do excessively; -어대다
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I think that he/she will; -리라고 생각하다
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If one intends to do...; -ㄹ 테면
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To be worth doing; -ㄹ 만하다
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If it is; -이라면
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Used to do; -곤하다
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According to; -에 따라서
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afraid that; -ㄹ 까 봐서
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Passive verb infixes
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Carry/possess; -어 가지고
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As compared to; -에 비하면
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Not at all; -도저히+negative
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It seems that; -듯하다
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It is natural that...; -는 것은 당연하다
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I wonder why; -나 했다
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To speak of; -라고는+negative
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There is no reason why; -ㄹ 리가 없다
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There is no need to; -ㄹ 것 없다
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It is true; -긴
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One only has to do; -으면되다
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Make someone do something; -게하다
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as soon as; 는대로
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In the middle of; -는중이다
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As; just as; -대로
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Whether...or/either...or; 든지...든지
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No matter...; +나
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Any; 아무 + noun+이나
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Make it so that...; -도록 하다
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Have to/must; 어야지요
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Even if; -더라도
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maybe; -ㄹ 지도 모르다
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Have no choice but to...; 안+verb+ㄹ 수 없다
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I think that/but; ㄹ 텐데
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Indeed; 야말로
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the more one...the more...; ㄹ 수록
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Should have done; -ㄹ 걸
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If one could have done something, one would have been...; 었더라면, verb+었
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It is extremely...; -뿐이겠습니까?
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To plan to; -ㄹ 터이다
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How great it would be if; -었으면 얼마나 좋겠어요
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According to; 에 의하면
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One was just about to do...; 려던 참이다
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As for/is called; -란
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Compound movement verbs with 다니다, to go around doing...
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No matter how; -아무리 +verb+어도
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But -만
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If it seems that; -을 것 같으면
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If one is going to do; -려거든
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If one is going to do...; -려면
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Whether..or, either...or; 나...나
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I hope that; -어야 할텐데요
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But; 나
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one is willing to do; -ㄹ 마음이 있다
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Almost; -다시피 하다
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past inquiry; -던가요?
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as soon as; -자마자
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While doing something; -는 동안에
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I think that...; -라고 생각하다
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Particle To (a living thing); -보고/더러
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Not always; 반드시+verb+는 것은 아니다
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Is that so?; -이라면서요?
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instead of; 대신에
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Does something until the end; 어내다
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When was one was going to do something; -려니까
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Intends to do; -ㄹ 작정이다
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Plans to do; -ㄹ 계획이다
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Thinking of doing; -ㄹ 생각이다
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As long as; -되
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If someone says, "Let's do (something).."; -자면
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Since someone does; 바에야
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No matter how; 아무라+verb+ㄹ지라도
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Had the experience of; -ㄴ 적이 있다
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someone says that...; 말하기를
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In spite of; 를 무릅쓰고
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Through; -를 통해서
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It might be; -ㄹ는지도 모르다
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Even though; -ㄴ들
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Even though...how?; +어야, 얼마나..겠습니까?
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In spite of; -ㄴ데도
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게; so that
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It appears; -ㄴ 가 보다
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Infix -겠/future tense
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To be different from; -과는 다르다
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to be as large as; -만하다
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For doing; -는데에
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Such as; 같은 것
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Even/on top of that; -조차
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When; -ㄹ 적에
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If one finishes; -고 나면
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Retrospective endings -ㅂ디까?/-ㅂ디다
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plain style +니요?
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Exclamation ending -네요
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It is necessary to do; -ㄹ 필요가 있다
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After having done; -고 나서
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Because/so/therefore; 이라서
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It is all the same if you do or not; -나 마나
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Whether or not; -느니...-느니
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Suffix -적, -cal; 적으로, cally
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Exclamation ending -ㄴ 걸요/-는 걸요!
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Extremely; 이만 저만 +
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Sentence ending, derogatory modifier; 어 먹다
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Because/so; -는 바람에
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Sentence final ending keeps doing; -어 가다
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Confident that...; -ㄹ 자신이 있다
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In order to/for; -기 위해서
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It is decided that; -기로 되다
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Have a habit of...; -는 버릇이 있다
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Interrogative ending -니?
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Sentence final ending it seems that; -나 보다/은가 보다
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Even though...it's impossible; -ㄹ 래야, +ㄹ 수 없다
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Trying something and finding that...; 어 보니까
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Just as it is; -ㄴ 채
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-던; retrospective marker
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Immediately after; -기가 무섭게
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On the [] side; ㄴ 편이다/는 편이다
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Sentence ending "To be inferior to"; -만 못하다
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One plans to do...; -ㄹ 예정이다
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Provided (that); -어 야
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It just so happens that; -게 되다
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Irregular -으 verbs
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If; 다가는
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To reach/attain a point where/that; -도록 되다
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Retrospective infix -더
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Assumed fact/expectation/likelihood; -줄 알다/모르다
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Particle -이라도; even if (it be a...)
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Because of doing...' -느라고
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I recall that...; -더니
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Looks/appears/seems; 어 보이다
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irregular -르 verbs
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Know/not know how to do...; -ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다
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So that/until; 도록
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Do/use completely; -어 버리다
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If, whether; -지/가
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Almost; -ㄹ 뻔했다
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To.., -ing; -는 것
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someone says that; 고 하다
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Informal polite question ending -ㄴ가요?
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While; -면서
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intransitive verbs used with 있다
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Do something in advance; 어 놓다
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irregular -ㅂ verbs
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irregular -ㅅ verbs
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-만에; after
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반말 endings; plain style
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-는 일이 있다; sometimes does
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irregular -ㅎ verbs
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-이든지; ever it is
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-ㄴ 일이 있다; has ever done
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-(이)라도; ever it is
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-애 대해서; about
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irregular -ㄷ verbs
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The particle -도...-도; both...and
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particle 이나/나
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not..., but; 지 말고
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Strong feeling; -아서 죽겠다
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progressive tense; -고 있다
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In order to; +(으)려고
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Going to do; "-(으)려고 하다
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Have something to do; -ㄹ 일이 있다
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Decide to do...; -기로 하다
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But, and so, so; -ㄴ데
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Like; -처럼particle
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The time since...; vs+ㄴ 지가+time word+되다
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Plural suffix; 들
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...is uncommon; 여간+
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Nothing; 아무 것도+negative
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Nobody does/is; 아무도+negative
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After doing; +ㄴ 다음에
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Must, have to; 아야 하다/되다
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Even if; 아도
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Because, since; -니까/으니까
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And then...; 아서/어서
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And; -고
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Ordinal numbers (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.); -째
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will do, intend to do; -ㄹ(을)래요
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I wish...; vs+았으면 좋겠다
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-씩; each, apiece, respectively
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Every -마다
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Modifier suffixes -ㄴ/은; -는; -ㄹ/을
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The most; 제일/가장
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"As much as"; particle -만큼
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-보다; (more) than
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Sentence ending "it seems to be/like"; -ㄴ 것 같다/은 것 같다/는 것 같다
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But -지만
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Noun-forming suffix -ㅁ/음
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Gerund suffix -기
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If, When; 으면/면
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Irregular - ㄹ verbs
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Sentence ending "want to do"; -고 싶다/-고 싶어 하다
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Will do; -ㄹ 게요/을 게요
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Can do; -을 수 있다/-ㄹ 수 있다
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Cannot do...; -ㄹ 수 없다/을 수 없다
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Possessive marker; "Of, 's"; the particle -의
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Sentence ending "do...for me"; -아/어/여 주다, -아/어/여 드리다
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Adverb 그만-; stop (doing)
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Negative imperative form; action verb + -지 말다; don't do...
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Suffix -짜리; (a thing) worth
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Only, nothing but; noun + 밖에 + 없다
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noun modifier; descriptive verb +-ㄴ/은
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And; the particle 와/과
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From (a person); the particle -한테서/에게서
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Particles used in verb phrases
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Family terms
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Suffix -쯤; about, approximately
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Adverb -못; can't, won't
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Exclamation ending -ㄴ 데요/은 데요/는 데요.
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sentence ending -고 말고요, "of course"
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"Isn't it?" ending -지요.
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Exclamation ending 는군요.
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And; particle -하고
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Together with -하고 같이/와/-과 같이
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Will probably do -ㄹ 거에요.
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Negative adverb 안-
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To wear/use
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To clean/wash
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The contrast particle -은/는
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Thinking of doing... -(으)ㄹ까 해요.
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-을 까요 Shall we...?/Will it be...?
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Transferetive Ending -다(가)
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Before doing -기 전에
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After doing (something) -후
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Past tense infix/base -았/었/였
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The particle 부터 from
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The particle -까지 until, by, to
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The particle 에, at, in, for, to
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The particle -로/으로 By means of, with, to, towards
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Informal Imperative Sentences -라
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Imperative Sentences - -십시오, 세요
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Particle -에서 "In, At, From"
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In order to -(으)러 + 가다/오다/다니다
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Only -만
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Also -도
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When vs+ㄹ 때
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Is -이다
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honorific infix -시/으시
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Tries doing 아/어/여 보다
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To a (person) -한테/에게/께
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Because 때문에
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Object Markers 을/를
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Subject Markers
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Passive verb infixes
By: System Administrator (1036 Reads)
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Passive verb infixes; -이; -히; -리; -기
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Most object verbs in Korean have a corresponding passive verb counterpart constructed with the addition of one of four infixes; -이; -히; -리; -기.
- it's best to memorize the passive counterpart but knowing these four infixes will allow you to recognize a passive verb when you encounter it
- with a Korean passive verb some is directly or indirectly affected by the action of someone else and the affect is often unfavorable
— the person or animal receiving the action is shown by attaching the particles 가/이 or 은/는
— the person or animal doing the action or responsible for it is shown by the particles 한테 or 에게
ex: 사람이 개한테 물렸어요./The person was bitten by the dog.
— if the thing responsible for the action is an inanimate being the particles 에 or 으로 are uses instead of 한테/에게
ex: 그것은 종이로 덮였어요./It was covered with the paper.
- if the underlying verb takes an object (i.e. is with 을/를) then 을/를 must continue to be used
ex: 난 돈을 도둑맞았습니다./I had my money stolen.
- if an action verb is turned into a passive verb, the object particle 을/를 must be replaced with 이/가
ex: 산이 보이비나다./The mountain can be seen.
- 하다 verbs are made passive by replacing 하다 with 되다
ex: 시작되다/to be started
- Korean tends to use passive speech less than English
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